FELLS is not opposing wind turbines everywhere. In a more industrial scene, or offshore, they can be acceptable. But they are quite unacceptable in our beautiful countryside so there they must be stopped.

The Government has set Planning Policy Guidelines for Local Authorities. These recognise wind-turbines can have a major, damaging visual impact. In Lancashire and Cumbria, Authorities have too often undervalued this consideration, and been over-persuaded by the flawed arguments of developers, who stress the claimed benefits of wind turbines and ignore their defects. These are many. Wind turbines are only viable if the public gives a big subsidy. They depend on wind strength, so are out of action much of the time. The electricity produced is well under 30% of installed capacity. They take up huge areas. Their visual impact can stretch for many miles. 

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FACTS ABOUT WIND POWER

• Wind turbines do not generate in light or very strong winds.   True. Below 8-10 mph wind speed they do not generate and cut out for safety reasons above 56 mph. Maximum generation is reached around 30 mph. 75% of UK winds are below 18mph. Thus onshore turbines usually produce only 18 to 26% of their potential electricity (called the ‘load factor’) depending on the site. The figure for offshore sites is only marginally better despite early optimistic statements to the contrary.

• Wind farms only produce power for 25% of the time.   False. They generate some power for 70-75% of the time but just a trickle when wind is less than 18mph.

• Wind is free but extracting energy from it is not. True.   The electricity produced cannot be stored and feeding it into the national grid is complex and costly – a bill ultimately paid by the consumer.

• Do wind farms need back-up? Yes. Coal or gas-fired power stations are essential to maintain uninterrupted supplies of electricity when there is little wind. So any savings in CO2 emissions by using wind energy are significantly reduced by power stations running inefficiently on standby.

• Turbine lifespan is 20-25 years.   False. This is claimed by developers but many are replaced after just 9-12 years (called repowering) with yet larger turbines. Gearboxes are their Achilles heel.

WIND POWER AND THE ENVIRONMENT

• Can windfarms reduce CO2 emissions?   Marginally. Developers and the British Wind Energy Association claim 0.86 tonnes of CO2 saved for every megawatt hour of electricity generated by wind. DEFRA, BERR (DTI), Ofgem, the Carbon Trust, and Government do not accept this and use a figure of 0.43 t/MWh. The Government press release on the recently approved Fullabrook Down wind farm used a figure of 0.36t/MWh – consistent with that employed by the Sustainable Development Commission (2005). The use of the figure 0.43t/MWh for calculating the lifetime savings of a wind farm is supported by the Advertising Standards Authority. The ASA has upheld several complaints from the public against Renewable Energy Systems Ltd and nPower Renewables for providing misleading information to the public. These exaggerated claims represent serious mis-selling by the wind industry.

• Can’t wind replace nuclear?    No. Nuclear power stations produce constant power (known as ‘base-load’) essential for our Western life-style for 24/7 all the year round. Wind is an unreliable ‘bit player’ on the energy scene. It would take 1,500 wind turbines spread over 20 km2 to produce the same electricity as a 1,000 megawatt nuclear power station – even then it could not provide base load.

• Wind farms are often sited on uplands which contain some of England’s last tracts of wilderness greatly valued by wildlife and people. Such areas are a major breeding, over-wintering or migration area for birds, including declining species such as the Hen Harrier, Merlin, Skylark and Lapwing. These will be directly threatened by inappropriately sited wind farms.

• In 2001 Government gave greater protection to Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs). So it is perverse to allow windfarms in or adjacent to AONBs or National Parks. English Heritage and The Council for National Parks emphasise the importance of the ‘setting’ of such landscapes.

• A turbine 375 feet high requires a base of 1000 tons of reinforced concrete and steel, plus the materials needed for service roads. They can often pay back the CO2 this releases in 6-18 months. However, on peat-rich sites pay-back is years due to CO2 release due to drying out and oxidation after drainage ditches are cut. This reduces yet further any wind farm contribution to climate change.

• A DEFRA report identified ‘infrasound’ emitted by wind turbines (frequencies of 20 cycles per second or less, below the lowest note on a piano) as a source of stress-related illness. This was questioned by a controversial report from Salford University (2007). Currently, Environmental Health and Planning Officers have to rely on an outdated 1997 report (ETSU-R97) and are ill-equipped to measure infrasound levels. Wind farm noise affects some people much more than others.

ENERGY SAVING

• UK electricity usage has grown steadily at 1.5% a year since 1990. By 2020 it is expected to increase by another 15%. Wind power cannot satisfy this growth let alone reduce overall usage. Worldwide, demand for electricity is expected to double by 2050.

• Can CO2 emissions from electricity generation be reduced? – Yes, by using less, through incentives for increased efficiency, more investment in energy saving technology, the development of other ‘green’ energy generating systems (tidal, wave, solar, hydro, biomass, heat pumps), or investing in nuclear power stations which produce almost no CO2. ‘Clean coal’, where CO2 is captured and stored instead of entering the atmosphere, may also become a reality in the medium term.

• A recent upgrade to the Building Regulations made far too little attempt to increase the energy efficiency of new houses – of which 3 million are planned by 2020.

• If every home used one additional low energy light bulb, one conventional power station could be decommissioned. If every home reduced its electricity use by 10% the CO2 saved would be about 8.4 million tonnes per year. The Carbon Trust Business Action Plan (Jan. 2nd 2008) could save 11 million tonnes of CO2 a year. These two actions would save 20 million tonnes of CO2 - over twice the Government’s annual target (9.2 million tonnes) for 2010 - and no wind farms would be needed at all.

• Alternative renewables have significant long-term potential but need much greater investment, financial incentives and political vision for their development and deployment. This is likely to take the form of micro-generation in which each household or locality has its own renewable electricity supply – supported as required by the National Grid.

GOVERNMENT POLICY

• Only recently has the Government begun to develop a “joined-up” energy policy linking fossil, nuclear and renewable sources. It is placing undue reliance on natural gas imports from unstable countries now that the UK’s gas is running out. Existing nuclear and coal-fired power stations are approaching decommissioning. The new nuclear building programme just announced could greatly reduce the need for intrusive and divisive wind farms.

• To encourage private investment the Government has manipulated local planning procedures and is now seeking to allow the use of Compulsory Purchase Orders to gain access to wind farm sites.

ECONOMIC ISSUES

• Tourism accounts for £1.1 billion (18%) of Cumbria’s GDP and 30,000 jobs. A DTI (BERR) Small Business Council report (2006) estimates that wind farms in tourist areas are likely to reduce visitor numbers by up to 15%. A high price to pay for a poor return.

• Don’t wind farms create jobs? No. There may be some local jobs in the 6-18 month construction phase but wind farms are remotely monitored, often from abroad. Maintenance generates about 2 jobs for every 10 turbines, paltry by comparison with tourism.

• Sweden and The Netherlands have scrapped wind subsidies. Norway didn’t provide any. Germany realises that wind power is a “bottomless subsidy pit”. Wind works in Denmark ONLY because it has power lines to Sweden, Norway and Germany for grid balancing – not so in the UK.

• The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (March 2003) found that 60% of their members reported a 5 to 50% fall in property prices in a windfarm area depending on type of property, proximity and visual impact. Some recovery in prices was reported after a few years.

• Wind power is one of the most costly methods by which to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, as pointed out by the Government’s Audit Commission.

 CAUSES OF ILLNESS?

 Do some residents living close to installations experience visual illnesses?

We make the facts on this page as accurate as possible, but industry sources are notably reluctant to provide consistent information. By all means question the foregoing, but also question just as closely anything put out by those favouring wind power.

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CHAIRMAN OF FELLS,
Mr T Kimber
Newton Hall, Whittington,
Via Carnforth, Lancashire

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